Arizona Cosmetology Practice Exam

What is the primary difference between a permanent wave and a relaxer?

1. A permanent wave curls hair

2. A relaxer curls hair

3. A permanent wave straightens hair

4. A relaxer adds volume to hair

The correct answer is: A permanent wave curls hair

The primary difference between a permanent wave and a relaxer lies in their intended effects on the hair. A permanent wave is designed to create curls or waves in the hair, which is achieved through a chemical process that alters the hair's internal structure to hold a curl. This process involves wrapping the hair around rods and applying a waving solution that breaks and reforms the disulfide bonds in the hair’s keratin proteins, allowing it to take on a curled shape. On the other hand, a relaxer is specifically formulated to straighten the hair. It works by breaking down the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to lay flat and appear smooth. The function of a relaxer is fundamentally different from that of a permanent wave, and the results are the opposite: where a permanent wave enhances curl and volume, a relaxer reduces curl and smoothens the hair texture. This understanding of the effects of these two treatments clarifies why the option stating that a permanent wave curls hair is the correct answer.